An accelerated breeding scheme abs can be feasible if the genotype. However, the sweet potato value chain spvc is not welldeveloped in many producing countries. Gad loebenstein, in advances in virus research, 2015. A simpler example for the needs and requirements of clonally propagated varieties can be found in sweet potato ipomoea batatas. An example of a naturally transgenic food crop tina kyndta,1, dora quispea,b,1, hong zhaic, robert jarretd, marc ghislainb, qingchang liuc, godelieve gheysena, and jan f. Breeding localized varieties of sweet potatoes swapping. In steps 1 and 2, sexual propagation is used to produce seeds and seedlings. In step 2, each seedling is cloned by propagating it vegetatively, and in all the following steps, vegetative propagation is used. Manual for sweet potato integrated production and pest. In this paper we report on the molecular, morphological and agronomic characterization of the sweet potato germplasm collection from mozambique deposited at iiam, including the analysis of the productivity performance of each variety cultivated under irrigation and drought rainfed conditions. Understanding interrelationships among various agronomic traits is vital to plan an effective breeding program in sweet potato ipomoea batatas l. Sweet potato has gained prominence due to its ability to adapt to wide production ecologies and yield response to minimal external inputs. One important insight gained through this type of research is that there are various interrelated pathways of how changes in farming.
As of 20, there are approximately 7,000 sweet potato cultivars. The sweet potato plant, among all other flowering plants, features the most advanced condition of reproduction occurring in terrestrial plants. There is a growing program of research in africa on yam, cassava, potato and sweet potato addressing genetic enhancement, seed systems, production, marketing and nutrition impacts. With cross breeding we successfully developed new erect plant type lines with almost equal levels of yield as compared to beniazuma, one of the leading cultivars in japan. Sweet potato in japan total planted area of sweet potato is approximately 65,000 ha as of 1989, although it was once grown annually with the acreage of more than 440,000 ha. General physiological differences, structural model differences and limitations, applications in climate change and research gaps are discussed. Set initial breeding target at 32 micrograms provitamin agram of raw sweet potato in order to provide 50% of the mean daily provitamin a requirement through normal preparation and consumption habits. Sweet potato was first domesticated in the americas more than 5,000 years ago. Sweet potatoes are vegetative propagated from vines, root slips sprouts, or tubers. Molecular, morphological and agronomic characterization of. Jansky university of wisconsinmadison introduction potato is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide and is the most important vegetable crop in the united states, accounting for nearly onethird of percapita vegetable consumption lin and yen 2004. Hybrid potato breeding through true potato seeds tps.
Sweet potato traditional pacific island crops research. Thus, like yield, breeding for mineral traits in sweetpotato is complex, requiring prior data on the causes of the g. Sweetpotato is a hexaploid with a basic chromo some number of n 15 and 6 sets of chromosomes. This paper highlights the progresses and challenges of breeding sweet towards improved yield and spvd resistance. Sweet potato plays an important role in south africa in terms of food security and alleviating malnutrition. Mar 03, 2014 late 1940s to early 1980s very small amounts of sweet potatoes for fresh market 1965 ontario sweet potato project initiated by horticulturalists, but limited interest 1985 to1991 trials by agriculture canada and ontario ministry of agriculture and food staff to assess viability of sweet potato. Breeding sweetpotato for improved yield and related traits and. Valuable traits can now be utilized, like disease resistance, nutritional value, higher yields, as well as processing traits for fries, chips, starch and biobased processors. The sweet potato ipomoea batatas was domesticated in central and south. The potato tuber is the swollen end of an underground stem called a stolon.
Sweetpotato production, processing, and nutritional. Genetic and physiological basis for breeding and improving the sweet potato bme6 phy6. Mutation breeding of sweet potato by gammaray radiation. People breed sweet potatoes mainly either for food their nutritious storage roots or for their attractive flowering vines. Orangefleshed cultivars in particular have immense potential to improve household income and nutrition in subsaharan africa. Breeding of sweet potato varieties for high starch content and. To date, 25 cultivars have been released from the breeding program. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas breeding ctahr university of hawaii. Both improved cultivars and landraces that are presently grown succumb to spvd and several viral diseases. Sweetpotato breeding requires at least 5 years to obtain an advanced breeding clone for further testing with the goal of cultivar release. Sweetpotato and potato breeding and genetics program. Potatoes, along with many other vegetables, can be prepared as part of a healthy diet. The jewel sweet potato, with its copper skin and deeporange flesh, is probably what you think of when you think sweet potato.
Sweet potato casserole is a side dish of mashed sweet potatoes in a casserole dish, topped with a brown sugar and pecan topping. Description this book 28 chapters, which is the 17th volume in the crop production science in horticulture series 18 volumes that focus on scientific principles underlying production practices for economically important horticultural crops from major production systems in temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic areas, summarizes the available information regarding the origin, taxonomy. Breeding methods the starch content of sweet potato is controlled by the additive effects of genes, and the accumulation of high starch genes is considered effective to increase the starch. Breeding is a longterm, continuous process with a new crossing block started every year. The breeding program could be speeded up if 3 crops of sweet potato can be grown each year in your location. Orangefleshed sweet potato ofsp varieties, high in betacarotene, a precursor to vitamin a in the human body, were introduced for testing at the umbeluzi. We attempted to breed new erect plant type sweetpotato lines having good agronomic traits using cross breeding and mutation breeding with gammaray irradiation. Its traditionally used for baking and casseroles, especially. Parish, extension beef cattle specialist, animal and dairy sciences sweet potatoes can serve as a highly palatable and digestible energy source in beef cattle diets. Recent progress in sweetpotato breeding and cultivars for diverse. Ibbbx24 promotes the jasmonic acid pathway and enhances.
North carolina is the leading supplier of sweetpotatoes in the nation producing ca. Sweet potato is an important food crop, grown commonly in tropical and subtropical regions, but production has been subjected to less research worldwide, compared to the major staple crops. In this flow chart, 2 crops of sweet potato are grown each year seasons 1 and 2. Most of these cultivars are creamfleshed and three of these are the main commercialized cultivars currently planted in south africa, namely, blesbok, bosbok and ribbok. Page 8 species, but this is not a serious limitation because this species exhibits immense genetic variation. When ibbbx24 was overexpressed in sweet potato, ja accumulation increased, whereas silencing this gene decreased ja levels. The sweetpotato breeding and genetics program works with thousands of different experimental lines each season. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas is ranked seventh in global food crop production and is the third most important root crop after potato and cassava. Consumption of sweet potato local consumption of sweet potato compared to the production over 10 year period. Breeding methods the starch content of sweet potato is controlled by the additive effects of genes, and the accumulation of high starch genes is. Sweet potato value chain analysis reveals opportunities for. A great way to get involved in this project, would be to buy a dozen different varieties of sweet potatoes, including some decorative varieties. Fiftyfive sweetpotato cultivars, experimental breeding clones, and plant introduction pi accessions were evaluated in 17 field experiments at the.
Release of orangefleshed sweetpotato ipomoea batatas l. Root and tuber crops cassava, yam, potato and sweet potato. Sweetpotato and potato breeding and genetics programs welcome to the north carolina state university potato and sweetpotato breeding and genetics website. The common english name for this crop is spelled sweet potato or sweetpotato. Breeding localized varieties of sweet potatoes swapping and. Currently, we evaluate over 65,000 new seedlings each year. Pdf sweet potato breeding for resistance to sweet potato virus. Breeding clonally propagated crops 279 the potato crop can be lost because of colorado beetle leptinotaras decemlineata cip, 1977, 1980. There are three methods of breeding 1st collecting, evaluating, and selecting from the local germplasm. Plant sweet potato away from the previously infested field or fields with previous history of weevil infestation. Novel valueadded uses for sweet potato juice and flour in. Akoroda 3 1department of agricultural extension and rural development, university of ibadan, ibadan, oyo state, nigeria 2department of agronomy, university of. Sweetpotato breeding and genetic enhancement north carolina. To achieve our goals, the project interacts with a wide variety of public and private, and national and international.
Goals objectives the objectives of the nc state sweetpotato breeding and genetics program are to. The arcvop has an excellent history in sweet potato breeding since 1952. Year 4 season 2season 1 season 1season2 season 2 cb. Using its flowers, which contain both male and female reproductive organs, the sweet potato plant undergoes sexual reproduction.
Sweet potato weevils are the major destructive pest causing drastic yield decline and resulting in a decrease in millions of dollar annually. Using weevil free vines is the first step of managing spw younger vines are less infested than the older ones. Irradiationinduced mutation breeding is effective in improving sweet potato characters such as yield, starch and soluble sugar content, carotenoids content of storage roots and. Feeding sweet potatoes to cattle mississippi state university. Here, we show that the bbox bbx family transcription factor ibbbx24 regulates the jasmonic acid ja pathway in sweet potato. Sweet potato is an excellent source of carbohydrates and has a low glycaemic index gi. Burleigh professor research entomology henry english small farm project director introduction farmers are concerned about insect damage to sweet potato roots in commercial potato fields. Varieties of sweet potatoes there are two basic types of sweet potato. This study was undertaken to determine associations among yield and yield related traits. The seedlings are derived from true seed obtained from different polycross and pairedcross breeding nurseries, each having a different breeding objective. Taxonomy of cultivated potatoes solanum section petota.
Advances in sweetpotato breeding from 1992 to 2012 5 than global yields. Wild and cultivated potatoes form the germplasm base for international breeding efforts to improve potato in the face of a variety of disease, environmental and agronomic constraints. Both the potato and sweetpotato breeding efforts are best characterized as applied breeding programs. A guide growing potatoes to growing potatoes in your home. They are a great source of vitamin c, potassium, fiber and protein, all with no fat. Insect resistance in sweetpotato plant introduction accessions. Pacific region who are starting sweet potato breeding programmes but lack training and experience in genetics and plant. Evaluation of selected sweetpotato breeding lines and imported cultivars in the southern region of sadc. Breeding of sweet potato varieties for high starch content. Martin tropical agriculture research station box 70, mayaguez puerto rico 00709, usa sweet potato is a trailing vine ot the tropics and. Sweet potato is produced by men, women, and children alike and is an important source of income for many families4.
That requires growing sweet potatoes from pollinated seeds. The use new breeding techniques such as markerassisted selection and genetic engineering could have complementary roles in sweet potato. Sweetpotato breeders utilize breeding processes such as grafting for flower induction and the identification of incompatibility groups before. We continue to strengthen sweetpotato breeding in africa to ensure continuous production of high yielding, diseaseresistant, nutritious varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions and the preferred trait combination for producers, processors and consumers. The way to fix that seems to be to breed my own varieties that can grow decently here in spite of the shortseason, and coldnights. During the last decade sweet potato cultivars with purple flesh were mainly grown in japan and new varieties with high contents of anthocyanins have been developed due to the low anthocyanin accumulation in indigenous purplefleshed sweet potatoes. The only time sweet potatoes are grown from seed is in breeding programs to produce new varieties of sweet potatoes. Kreuzeb,2 adepartment of molecular biotechnology, ghent university, 9000 ghent, belgium. There are is a lot of sweet potato cultivars in the world.
This list of sweet potato cultivars provides some information about varieties and cultivars of sweet potato ipomoea batatas. Sweet potato 2n6x90 oziasakins and jarret, 1994 is the seventh mostimportant crop in the world and a major source of food and nutrition in developing countries international potato center, 1996. Antioxidant activities, phenolic and bcarotene contents. Traditional, biochemical, molecular markerassisted, and transgenic breeding techniques are employed as necessary and feasible to facilitate our breeding efforts. Agricultural research councilroodeplaat vegetable and ornamental plant institute has a breeding programme. Jeeva central tuber crops research institute, thiruvananthapuram695 017, india corresponding author. The breeding process of sweet potato varieties for high starch content and high yield involved the selection of parental materials, test of combining ability, cross.
The first table below lists sweet potato cultivars grown for their edible roots. A replicated field experiment was carried out using twelve sweet potato genotypes. Medium to high positive correlations among mineral traits favor parallel selection, and it merits further study to efficiently improve the mineral trait complex by an index. Craig yencho b a us department of agriculture, agricultural research service, and north carolina agricultural research service, department of food science. South african average sweet potato consumption is approximately 48 550 tons per annum. Plants, which can be with sweet potatoes, include tetraploids and all of them resemble the sweet potato in two respects. More than sweet potato varieties are grown by smallholders in papua new guinea. Solanum tuberosum, the cultivated potato of world commerce, is a primary food crop worldwide. However, sweet potato is not widely cultivated in europe. A proposed breeding procedure is outlined in figure 1. Sweet potatoes are generally selfincompatible, so at least two unrelated clones are required to make seeds. The nc state university sweetpotato breeding and genetics program is one of the largest sweetpotato breeding programs in the u.
Sweetpotato breeding and genetic enhancement north. Amongst biotic constraints, the sweet potato virus disease spvd is the most devastating causing yield reduction ranging from 50 to 98%. Constraints and breeding priorities for increased sweetpotato. They are often readily available in mississippi at relatively low cost versus many other feedstuffs for cattle. The sweet potato became a favorite food item of the french and spanish settlers and thus continued a long history of cultivation in louisiana. To utilize wild species in a sweet potato program, a flower induction technique and self and tests were worked out. Recent major increases in area in countries such as nigeria and tanzania reflect the crops compara. Pdf evaluation of selected sweetpotato breeding lines. Thus, there is significant potential to increase global yields through the use of improved cultural practices and varieties oswald et al. Sweetpotato and potato breeding and genetics programs. Anthocyanins in purple sweet potato ipomoea batatas l.
Sweet potato breeding for resistance to sweet potato virus disease and improved yield. Pdf advances in sweetpotato breeding from 1992 to 2012. Therefore, virus diseases can be a major constrain, reducing yields markedly, often more than 50%. Solyntas patented f1 hybrid potato breeding technique makes it possible to grow potatoes from trueseed and allows targeted breeding. Sweet potato is one of the main food security crops in southern africa. Breeding erect plant type sweetpotato lines using cross. Dry yellowfleshed dry sweet potatoes have palecolored flesh and are low in moisture. Cultivated sweet potato ipomoea batatas is an important source of food for both humans and domesticated animals. This is a pardoxical situation for a plant that is propagated vegetatively and was imported from latin america. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas breeding university of hawaii. Sweet potato breeding for resistance to sweet potato virus.
The present guide builds on experience gained through partnerships forged during iyp implementation to address critical aspects of sustainable potato production. Sweet potato is grown by many resourcepoor farmers in virtually all provinces of south africa. The sweetpotato breeding and genetics program at north carolina state university is one of the oldest sweetpotato breeding programs in the us. For example, potato yields in the developing world average around 10 to 15 tonnes per hectare, less than half of average yields achieved by farmers in western europe and north america. In the us, orangefleshed sweet potatoes are sometimes called yams, but this name is more properly applied to the true yam, various species in the genus dioscorea although wild forms of sweet potato are not known to exist today, central america and peru are. Late 1940s to early 1980s very small amounts of sweet potatoes for fresh market 1965 ontario sweet potato project initiated by horticulturalists, but limited interest 1985 to1991 trials by agriculture canada and ontario ministry of agriculture and food staff to assess viability of sweet potato. The genome of cultivated sweet potato contains agrobacterium tdnas with expressed genes.
Pdf sweet potato breeding for resistance to sweet potato. In the us, orangefleshed sweet potatoes are sometimes called yams, but this name is more properly applied to the true yam, various species in the genus dioscorea. Our goal is to develop improved potato and sweetpotato varieties adapted for use in. Sweet potatoes university of the district of columbia. Order sweet potato diseasetested materials pdf research on sweet potato include the following areas.
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