To electric arc furnace eaf the use of foaming slags was developed to provide a decrease in consumption of electric energy, carbon electrodes and furnace refractories. Refining in induction furnace is not as intensive or effective as in electric arc furnace eaf. Pyrometallurgy, dc arc furnace, electric arc, smelting abstract dc arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago. Design and prototype development of a minielectric arc. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity used in foundries for producing cast iron products up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking. Out of this 56%, 22% of steel was made on electric arc furnace and rest by induction. As electric furnaces that use electricity as heat energy, they can be divided into two categories, one is an electric arc furnace, which is used to. Electric arc furnace produces many grades of steel. Generally, two types of a furnace a indirect arc furnace in the indirect arc furnace, an arc is struck between two carbon electrode and heat is. Induction furnace versus electric arc furnace in steelmaking process. The operation begins with a delivery of steel scrap to the scrap bay, located at one end of the eaf building. Using oxygen reaction as electricity saving in electric arc furnace steel making ali akbar mottahedi 1.
Electric arc furnace eaf is the most difficult load type in electrical distribution system. About 30% of carbon emissions are generated by the industrial sector. An efficient power control scheme for electric arc. Electric arc furnace eaf is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc. The electric arc furnace eaf is a highly energy intensive process used to convert scrap metal into molten steel. Power quality measurements and operating characteristics. Comparative assessment of ld converter and electric arc furnace. A wide variety of electric arc furnace price options are available to you, there are 465 suppliers who sells electric arc furnace price on, mainly located in asia. In the first one, the electric arc voltage increases to the ignition voltage of the electric arc, so the electric arc reignites. When it comes to your home, you want the best options, especially when it. This fact depends, especially in areas like western europe, on the high cost of the electrical.
There is a broad variety of steel scrap, both in terms of composition from plain carbon steel through to highly alloyed tool steel and geometry from finely shredded sheet through to. Oxygen is injected through a watercooled top lance which can also be slewed. The advantages and disadvantages of electric furnaces. Because of this electric arc furnaces are usually found close to cheap sources of electricity, such as a hydroelectric plant. Another disadvantage for british steel makers is that britain no longer produces the coke and iron ore needed and so has to import it. With interview point of view, if i prefer electricarc furnace for steel making, what are the advantages of this method.
Jones, nupro corporation continued furnace charging melting refining deslagging tapping furnace turnaround top refining refining operations in the electric arc furnace have traditionally involved the removal of phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, manganese and carbon from the steel. Hence leakage reactance is comparatively low and power factor is high. The electric arc furnace is heated by electricity, similar to arc welding, and so large amounts of electricity are needed. The furnace has a removable watercooled lid that holds the graphite spikes and is connected to large power lines that act as electrodes. Here, electric arc is produced between the electrodes. Processi eaf process optimization based on continuous. An electric arc furnace eaf is a furnacethat heats charged material by means of anelectric arc. Thus, the goal is to improve the economic and technical indices of the furnaces, despite the difficulties and limitations connected with the use of this new type of charge. A lid containing electrodes is then placed on top of and lowered into the furnace, where they conduct an electric current which takes the shape on an arc. On the advantage and disadvantage of electric arc furnace and. Five advantages of electric furnaces call us today.
Two types of furnaces that create steel are the basic oxygen furnace and the electric arc furnace, each of which have their own set of pros and cons. Optimization is achieved by adjustments to the electric furnace process carbon charge practice, injected carbon, methane and oxygen, according to analysis of offgas measurements. Energy optimization of submerged arc furnace request pdf. Siderurgia benchmark study of the eaf plants using kt.
Electrical, electronic and computer engineering ii university of pretoria etd peens, m 2006 chapter 0 contents. Found in every corner of the planet, steel has come to be one of our most used materials for building a sturdy product. The electrical power converted to thermal energy is a function of the inductance of the arc furnace circuit. In these furnaces, electric energy is used to form an electric arc which heats the metal by the radiant heat evolved. An electric arc furnace is heated up to 1600oc by electricity that is generated through electrodes 7. Impact on power supply systems by electric arc furnaces. An electric arc furnace should have a powerful transformer, high thermal and electrical efficiency, and a lining made of highgrade refractory edneral, 1979.
Providing secure ground protection for electric arc furnaces during inrush conditions dennis boyd nucor steel berkeley trevor saunders nucor steel birmingham mark lanier atlantic power sales, llc larry wright schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Bat national guide for the iron and steel electric arc furnace industry, focused just on this. New generation in preheating technology for electric arc. Electric arc furnace design operation and working principle. The share of electric arc furnace eaf technology in the iron and steel industry is. If you are not yet a member, please subscribe as member now.
Issouribehere,fernando issouribehere ieee student member, and gustavo a. It is also used to melting process to find required composition of iron or steel. Electric arc furnace is use to melt the scrab of iron. Modeling, optimization and estimation in electric arc. An electric arc furnace eaf is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc. Providing secure ground protection for electric arc. An electric furnace costs more to run every month than a gas furnace.
Enlist the advantages of the electricarc furnace used for steel. Whats the difference between a blast furnace and an arc furnace. Life of refractory lining is low as compared to eaf. However, as scrap includes heavy metals and organic matter such as oils, plastics, and paints, eaf operation can cause environmental problems. Advantages and disadvantages login access denied this section is for seaisi members only. Using oxygen reaction as electricity saving in electric. Modeling, optimization and estimation in electric arc furnace eaf.
So, we can reduce the consumption of electricity and save cost by blowing. Giavani in the last five years the amount of oxygen used into the electric arc furnace has increased a lot. Ultrahigh power electric arc furnace,melting furnacexi. Barbera abstract power quality is of increasing concern to utilities and their customer alike. The primary winding is placed on the central limb of the core. The advantage of dc is lower electrode consumption per ton of steel produced, since only. The electric arc furnace is more modern than the former and produces its product using scrap steel material, which is tossed into the furnace with the help of a large crane. Benchmark study of the eaf plants using kt injection system case of long products carbon steel production f. Electric arc furnace eaf is one of the most common. The electric arc furnace uses 700 kw h ton 1 to melt the scrap, which consists of about 62% of the total energy consumption.
The arc is resistive, so current has the same phase of the arc voltage. Exergy and energy analysis of an ac steel electric arc furnace under actual conditions ebrahim hajidavalloo, hamze dashti and. Ironmaking and steelmaking electric arc furnaces fastarc is the trademark for a stateoftheart electric steelmaking process technology that optimizes melt shop practices according to the available types of ferrous charge materials. This sector includes both electric arc furnace steelmaking and electricity generation. Modelling and control of an electrode system for a threephase electric arc furnace by. Arc furnaces range in size from small unitsof approximately one ton capacity used infoundries for producing cast iron productsup to about 400 ton units used for secondarysteelmaking 3. Comprehensive electric arc furnace electric energy consumption. An electric arc furnace is essentially a giant heatresistant kettle powered by three graphite spikes.
In the second phase, the electric arc voltage has an exponentially drop from the ignition voltage of the electric arc to the voltage. Good practices of energy efficiency in the european industry processes policies of incentivisation and implementation energy efficiency in electric arc furnace. Pdf the optimisation of electric energy consumption in. X is the circuit reactance, v is the voltage without load, va is the arc voltage and i is the current. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Exergy and energy analysis of an ac steel electric arc. The conventional control systems assume the inductance of the secondary side of the arc furnace is constant and displace the.
Electric arc furnace means an extremely hot enclosed space, where heat is produced by means of electrical arcing for melting certain metals such as scrap steel without changing electrochemical properties of the metal. Electric arc furnaces work on the principle of the electrode forming an arc between itself and the top layer of metal to be melted. At same time, for example, the steelmaking situation in india was little bit different. Steel scrap, which is used as raw material for electric arc furnaces eaf, is an essential industrial waste. Review on characteristic modeling of electric arc furnace and. An electric arc furnace eaf is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric. Modelling and control of an electrode system for a three. Although steelmaking arc furnaces generally use scrap steel as their primary feedstock, if hot metal from a blast furnace or directreduced iron is available economically, these can also be used as furnace feed. The furnace is equipped with one set of electrodes which are connected to a transformer and can be slewed alternatively to each of the two shells. While blast furnaces must remain in operation for up to years at a time, electric arc furnaces can be turned on an off according to demand. Modeling, optimization and estimation in electric arc furnace eaf operation author. Induction furnace arc furnace in the arc furnaces heat is generated in the electric arc which can burn only in gaseous atmosphere.
Furthermore, it is also a function of the arc voltage, and hence for a specific arc voltage, the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy is maximum. However, the previous models are not suited to discuss the influence of impact on power supply. We can supply graphite electrodes with immediate delivery. Electric arc furnace working principle and operation. Applications electric arc furnace has following applications. The principle of operation is that of a transformer in which the secondary turns are replaced by a closed loop of molten metal. Electric steelmaking is assuming an increasingly larger role in steel production, with the use of larger quantities of scrap substitutes and scrap of different levels of quality. Electric arc furnace eaf features and its compensation. If you are seaisi member, please login to access this section. Electric arc furnaces are used for melting high melting point alloys such as steels. Five advantages of electric furnaces scottlee heating. Charging technology for modern electricarc furnaces. The optimisation of electric energy consumption in the electric arc furnace article pdf available in archives of metallurgy and materials 532. Dc arc furnaces past, present, and future rodney t.
343 963 1282 396 1100 815 566 1538 936 310 1592 403 112 1024 1030 807 1186 1525 318 440 397 469 1621 211 363 780 888 1314 1178 684 497 846 523 477 1234 901 168 275 1032 904 1110 39 1119 1379 841